DOI:

10.37988/1811-153X_2025_2_166

Assessment of risks of oral candidiasis and xerostomia in patients with metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus depending on glycemic status

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Authors

  • V.O. Senina 1, postgraduate at the Therapeutic dentistry Department, assistant at the Surgical dentistry Department
    ORCID: 0000-0002-5593-085X
  • I.N. Usmanova 1, Doctor of Medical Science, professor of the Therapeutic dentistry Department
    ORCID: 0000-0002-1781-0291
  • I.A. Lakman 2, PhD in Engineering, assistant professor of the Biomedical engineering Department, head of the Scientific Lab for the study of socio-economic problems of regions
    ORCID: 0000-0001-9876-9202
  • L.P. Gerasimova 1, Doctor of Science in Medicine, full professor of the Therapeutic dentistry Department
    ORCID: 0000-0002-1145-6500
  • M.M. Tuigunov 1, Doctor of Science in Medicine, full professor of the Microbiology and virology Department
    ORCID: 0000-0002-5473-2034
  • J.L. Bortsova 1, PhD in Biology, assistant professor of the Fundamental and applied microbiology Department
    ORCID: 0000-0002-5839-9793
  • K.S. Mochalov 1, PhD in Biology, assistant professor of the Fundamental and applied microbiology Department
    ORCID: 0000-0002-8010-3338
  • G.M. Akhmetova 3, PhD in Medical Sciences, assistant professor of the Pediatric dentistry Department
    ORCID: 0000-0002-0748-0305
  • E.Sh. Grigorovich 4, Doctor of Science in Medicine, associate professor and head of the Dentistry Department
    ORCID: 0000-0003-0326-0900
  • O.A. Guryevskaya 4, 5, PhD in Medical Sciences, assistant professor of the Dentistry Department; dental therapist
    ORCID: 0000-0003-4580-9826
  • 1 Bashkir State Medical University, 450008, Ufa, Russia
  • 2 Ufa University of Science and Technology, 450076, Ufa, Russia
  • 3 Kazan State Medical University, 420012, Kazan, Russia
  • 4 Omsk State Medical University, 644099, Omsk, Russia
  • 5 Dental clinic “Elite”, 644012, Omsk, Russia

Abstract

Metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) are characterized by a deficiency of insulin secretion and the development of oral complications in the form of xerostomia and candidiasis. The goal of this article is to study the risks of oral candidiasis and xerostomia in patients with metabolic syndrome or DM2.
Materials and methods.
An open, prospective clinical and laboratory examination of 105 patients with metabolic syndrome or DM2 has been conducted. The presence of candidiasis manifestations has been confirmed by microbiological method, and xerostomia by sialometry method. Three clinical groups have been identified among the patients, i.e. patients with metabolic syndrome caused by carbohydrate metabolism disorders, prediabetes (n=26), with type 2 diabetes mellitus (n=52), and with metabolic syndrome without carbohydrate metabolism disorders (n=27).
Results.
Clinical manifestations of xerostomia and oral candidiasis depending on the factors studied amounted to 20.0 and 33.3% of cases, respectively. In MS individuals with impaired carbohydrate metabolism (prediabetes), the risk of oral candidiasis and xerostomia manifestations is not significantly different from that of metabolic syndrome patients without impaired carbohydrate metabolism RR=1.56 (95% CI 0.49—4.89) and RR=1.73 (95% CI 0.46—6.52) respectively. Patients with DM2 have had a significantly higher risk of oral candidiasis and risk of xerostomia than MS patients without impaired carbohydrate metabolism: RR=3.25 (95% CI 1.26—8.37) and RR=3.12 (95% CI 1.01—9.65) respectively.
Conclusions.
Oral candidiasis and xerostomia are more often prevalent in patients with DM2. Oral candidiasis and xerostomia correlate with venous blood glucose levels, with glucose levels in mixed saliva samples, and its amount also depends on metabolic syndrome or type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Key words:

candidiasis, xerostomia, mixed saliva, sialometry, risks, glucose, glycated hemoglobin, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes mellitus

For Citation

[1]
Senina V.O., Usmanova I.N., Lakman I.A., Gerasimova L.P., Tuigunov M.M., Bortsova J.L., Mochalov K.S., Akhmetova G.M., Grigorovich E.Sh., Guryevskaya O.A. Assessment of risks of oral candidiasis and xerostomia in patients with metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus depending on glycemic status. Clinical Dentistry (Russia).  2025; 28 (2): 166—171. DOI: 10.37988/1811-153X_2025_2_166

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Received

May 12, 2025

Accepted

June 14, 2025

Published on

July 5, 2025