DOI:

10.37988/1811-153X_2023_2_6

The anatomo-topographic variations of the root canal orifices of the maxillary molars

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Authors

  • M.A. Postnikov 1, PhD in Medical Sciences, full professor of the Therapeutic dentistry Department
    ORCID ID: 0000-0002-2232-8870
  • D.N. Kudryashov 1, assistant at the Therapeutic dentistry Department
    ORCID ID: 0000-0001-6143-357X
  • S.E. Chigarina 1, PhD in Medical Sciences, associate professor of the Therapeutic dentistry Department
    ORCID ID: 0000-0002-7008-5981
  • A.M. Golovachev 1, assistant at the Therapeutic dentistry Department
    ORCID ID: 0009-0005-8616-8211
  • 1 Samara State Medical University, 443001, Samara, Russia

Abstract

The navigation-optic approach to the determination of the root canal orifices’ location becomes beneficial in the endodontic treatment for eliminating post-treatment errors and complications afterward. This study aims at analyzing the variability of the root canal orifices’ location in the maxillary molars during endodontic treatment.
Materials and methods.
435 patients aged 18—75 with complicated caries and tooth retreatment were examined and there was conducted the endodontic treatment of 450 maxillary teeth including 301 first molars and 149 second molars. Treatment and photodocumentation of the treatment stages were performed by a dental microscope with a digital camera. The root canal orifice was defined as a cavity on the pulp chamber floor or in the fissure linking root canal orifices of a single root, that provided an opportunity for the instrumental treatment of at least 1/3 of the canal length. The root canals’ location was approved by the electronic apex location and target X-ray images.
Results.
The analysis of 450 first and second molars of the upper jaw according the photo protocols in patients at the stage of formation of endodontic access showed the configuration variability of the location of the orifices of the root canals at the bottom of the tooth cavity and made it possible to identify four navigation-anatomical types for the location of the orifices of the root canals: 1st type “mesial groove”, 2nd type “linear anatomy”, 3rd type “square anatomy”, 4th type “T-shaped anatomy”.
Conclusion.
The navigation-optical protocol will allow dentists to determine the maximum number of root canal orifices in the upper molars, excluding cases of missed canals and prevent the development of complications in the periapical tissues after obturation of a complex tooth root system.

Key words:

root canal orifices, maxillary molars, missed root canal, navigational optic approach

For Citation

[1]
Postnikov M.A., Kudryashov D.N., Chigarina S.E., Golovachev A.M. The anatomo-topographic variations of the root canal orifices of the maxillary molars. Clinical Dentistry (Russia).  2023; 26 (2): 6—15. DOI: 10.37988/1811-153X_2023_2_6

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Received

March 7, 2023

Accepted

June 10, 2023

Published on

July 6, 2023