DOI:

10.37988/1811-153X_2025_1_179

The role of oral microbiota in the etiology, pathogenesis of periodontitis and systemic pathology

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Authors

  • I.A. Gimranova 1, PhD in Medical Sciences, associate professor, head of the Fundamental and applied microbiology Department
    ORCID: 0000-0003-3330-9437
  • V.A. Gritsenko 2, Doctor of Science in Medicine, professor, chief researcher of the Institute for Cellular and Intracellular Symbiosis
    ORCID: 0000-0002-2086-5170
  • I.M. Rabinovich 3, Doctor of Science in Medicine, full professor of the Therapeutic dentistry Department
    ORCID: 0000-0001-8539-814X
  • G.M. Akmalova 1, Doctor of Science in Medicine, professor of the Pediatric dentistry Department
    ORCID: 0000-0002-8487-1879
  • D.Yu. Shvets 1, assistant at the Fundamental and applied microbiology Department
    ORCID: 0000-0003-4292-4562
  • 1 Bashkir State Medical University, 450008, Ufa, Russia
  • 2 Orenburg Federal Research Center of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 460000, Orenburg, Russia
  • 3 Central Research Institute of Dentistry and Maxillofacial Surgery, 119021, Moscow, Russia

Abstract

This review presents an analysis of modern data on the role of oral microbiota in the etiology and pathogenesis of periodontitis as a widespread disease that negatively affects the quality of human life and is associated with the development of systemic pathology. The peculiarities of the oral cavity microbiota structure in healthy people and persons with periodontitis are characterised, the microorganisms etiologically significant in periodontitis are specified, species Porphyromonas gingivalis, Aggregatibacter actinomycetecomitans, Fusobacterium nucleatum and Tannerella forsythia, as well as Treponema denticola, Prevotella intermedia, Campylobacter rectus, Peptostreptococcus micros and the genus Spirochetes. The most significant role is attributed to Porphyromonas gingivalis, which is able to disrupt the balance of microbial communities and cause an infectious process. In addition, Porphyromonas gingivalis interacts with other microorganisms that colonise the periodontal pocket in the early stages of the disease, which contributes to the progression of periodontitis and irreversible changes in the supporting and retaining tissues of the tooth and alveolar bone, resulting in tooth loss. The aim of the study was to systematise the literature data on the study of the mechanisms of bacterial penetration into biofilm, oral tissues and further spread of the infectious process in the body to substantiate new possible strategies in the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of patients with periodontal diseases.

Key words:

oral microbiome, periodontitis, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Aggregatibacter actinomycetecomitans, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Tannerella forsythia

For Citation

[1]
Gimranova I.A., Gritsenko V.A., Rabinovich I.M., Akmalova G.M., Shvets D.Yu. The role of oral microbiota in the etiology, pathogenesis of periodontitis and systemic pathology. Clinical Dentistry (Russia).  2025; 28 (1): 179—185. DOI: 10.37988/1811-153X_2025_1_179

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Received

October 18, 2024

Accepted

March 2, 2025

Published on

April 7, 2025